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Adelman, H., A. Borowski, M. Burstein and L. Foster. eds. Immigration and Refugee Policy in Australia and Canada Compared. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.
"Immigration is one of the major policy issues for the governments of Australia and Canada in the 1990's... The similarities, as well as the differences, between these two western democracies generally, and especially in regard to matters of immigration, refugee and settlement policy, suggest that a detailed comparative study of those issues in the two countries is timely. The task was undertaken by a team of Australian and Canadian scholars over a two-year period, and this two-volume work is the product of that collaboration. Australian and Canadian migration patterns and policies are described and placed within the broader context of international population movements. As well as analysing policies adopted by the two countries to foster social cohesion, some chapters also consider the economic and environmental consequences of immigration on their host countries. There are chapters on racism, ethnicity, language, aging, economic status, education and the effects of immigration on crime. (adapted from Shiel and Beaujot, 1996).
Adelman, Howard John Sorenson. African Refugees: Development Aid and Repatriation. African Modernization and Development Series, Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1994. Population Index on the Web. http:Hpopindex.princeton.edu/browse/v60/n4/h.htmI
This is a collection of 12 papers on aspects of the refugee problem in Africa. "The first brief section provides the legal framework for defining and assisting refugees. The second section considers the lack of resources that contribute to refugee production and inadequate relief aid. Since relatively few African refugees are able to avail themselves of one permanent solution to their plight, resettlement abroad. The third section discusses the two other permanent solutions utilized--settlement in countries of first asylum and repatriation." The fourth and final section examines issues concerning refugees and the problems of economic development in Africa.
Adelman, Howard. The Indochinese Refugee Movement: The Canadian Experience. Toronto: Operation Lifeline, 1980.
Adelman, Howard. Refugee Policy: Canada and the United States
Adelman, Howard. Refugee Sponsorship and Backlash. Mimeo. 1980.
Adelman, Howard and David Cox "Overseas refugee policy" pp. 255-282 in Adelman, Howard, Allan Borowski, Meyer Burstien and Lois Foster, eds. Immigration and Refugee Policy in Australia and Canada Compared. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.
Anderssen, Curtis. Educational Refugees: Malaysian Students in Australia
Barth, Frederick. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1969.
Basler, Gerhard P. Sanctuary Denied: Refugees from the Third Reich and Newfoundland Immigration Policy, 1906-1949. St. John's, Nfld Institute of Social and Economic Research, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1992.
Bisping, John. Political Refugees or Economic Migrants: The Case of Polish Professionals, 1980-1986. Master's of Arts Thesis. University of Ottawa. 1992.
This thesis searches for the presence of economic motives in professionals, who left Poland circa 1980-8 1. Through this case study of so-called "political refugees", the wider goal is to examine the dichotomy between political flight and economic migration. At issue is the depoliticization of poverty in the Third World, as well as the effect of the cold war on immigration policy in Canada. The results indicate that economic factors constituted important motives for departure in our target population. It is suggested that members of the latter were therefore not political refugees by UN-defined standards. (Copyright 1993, Canadian Research Index, all rights reserved).
Chabot, Richard. "Community development and naturalization rates: Southeast Asian refugees in Canada, Australia, and the United States" American Sociological Association (ASA). 1990.
Southeast Asian refugee community development is hypothesized to be a positive influence on aiding individual and group integration in host nations. Resettlement policy and programs, in particular the multiethnic and pluralist nature of such programs, are essential factors in the development of a person's sense of well-being and degree of acculturation. One potential aspect of social integration will be increased rates of application for citizenship. US, Australian, and Canadian resettlement policies are analyzed for probable influence on Southeast Asian community development. This influence is then compared to aggregate naturalization rates since 1975. Resettlement policy appears to be less an influence on naturalization rates than the multiethnic nature of programs implemented, the ethnic tension surrounding resettlement of a new ethnic minority within the dominant community, and hurdles involved in participating in the process of becoming a citizen of the host nation. (Copyright 1990, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved)
Chan, Kwok B. and Doreen-Marie. Indra. Uprooting loss and adaptation: the resettlement of Indochinese refugees in Canada. Ottawa: Canadian Public Health Association, 1987.
Chiswick, Barry R. ed. Immigration, Language, and Ethnicity: Canada and the United States. Washington, DC: AEI Press 1992.
Nine papers, with commentaries, originally presented at a conference held at the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, analyze the immigration and language policies of Canada and the United States. Contributions focus on Canadian and American immigration policy since 1945; refugee policy in the United States and Canada; the changing demographic characteristics and impact of immigrants in Canada; wage rates of immigrant and native men in Canada and the United States; an economic perspective on language and public policy in Canada and the United States; language in the immigrant labor market; gender issues in immigration and language fluency; earnings of the French minority in Canada and the Spanish minority in the United States; and some evidence of the effects of admissions criteria on immigrant assimilation. Contributors are mainly economists.
Cloutier, Franqois et al. Profiles des communaute culturelles du Quebec. Montreal: ministere des Affaires internationales, de l'Immigration et des Communautes culturelles et la Ville de Montreal, 1995.
This book is a collection of social and demographic research on the cultural communities in Quebec. It uses information collected from the 1991 Census of Canada and incorporates many different research strategies such as historical analysis, policy analysis and includes information gathered from community organizations.
Cobas, Jose A., Mikel Aicken and Douglas S. Jardine. Industrial Segmentation, the Ethnic Economy, and Job Mobility: The Case of Cuban Exiles in Florida American Sociological Association (ASA). 1992.
Mobility between core, periphery, and the ethnic economy is examined, using data on a sample of Cuban exiles in Fla to test hypotheses involving the relative magnitude of exit rates from given origins and effects of independent variables on exit rates. Data support the argument that the presence of ethnic economy requires modification of predictions in the segmented economy perspective. Regression analysis shows that movement into the periphery is negatively associated with number of relatives in the US; movement into ethnic economy employment is positively related to number of relatives living in the same city; and movement into self-employment is positively related to education, intention to return to Cuba if communism were overthrown, and taking a university-level course, and negatively associated with living in a Cuban neighborhood. It is concluded that, with the exception of movement into the periphery, individuals with more resources are more prone to mobility.
Coelho, E. ... et al. Immigrant students in North York schools: intermediate and senior divisions. North York, Ont.: Curriculum and Instructional Services, 1990.
The 1st 3 sections focus on the following topics: demographics (immigrants, refugees, visa students), design and delivery of program (support programs, bilingual tutors, peer support programs, parental involvement), and the English as a Second Language (ESL)-English Skills Development (ESD) program (who takes ESL and ESD and what they learn; special subject sections; integrated courses). Section 4 suggests a number of strategies for curriculum adaptation: promoting positive attitudes to language learning; responding to students' use of language; modifying classroom language; evaluating learning resources; using directed reading activities; developing alternative materials; and being aware of the linguistic and cognitive demands of the subject. The last section deals with measuring student progress (equity as a goal; evaluation - student and program; evaluation questionnaire). (Copyright 1991, Education Research Index, Incorporated, all rights reserved).
Cohen, Robin. The Cambridge Survey of World Migration. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Relevant chapters include: Gerard Noiriel. Jewish economic and refugee migrations, 1880-1950 / Colin Holmes. The resettlement of displaced persons in Europe, 1946-1951 / Manolo 1. Abella. Displaced people after the Gulf crisis / Nicholas Van Hear -- 13. Refugees from political conflict. Refugees, displaced people and returnees in southern Africa / K. B. Wilson. Hunger, war and flight: the Horn of Africa / Naomi Flink Zucker and Norman L. Zucker. Refugees from Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, 1975-1993 / Michel Mignot. Refugees and asylum in the Muslim world / Astri Suhrke. Development and forced migration: the case of Afghan refugee women in Pakistan / Diana Cammack -- 14. Migrants and asylum-seekers in contemporary Europe. European East-West migration, 1945-1992 /Alexei Polyakov and Igor Ushkalov. Whose protection? European harmonization on asylum policy.
Cox, David and Patrick Glenn "Illegal immigration and refugee claims" pp. 283-308 in Adelman, Howard, Allan Borowski, Meyer Burstien and Lois Foster, eds. Immigration and Refugee Policy in Australia and Canada Compared. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.
Dan, Han T. Factors That Foster or Impede the Process of Acculturation of Vietnamese Refugees American Sociological Association (ASA). 1977.
Responses from 245 "new Americans" residing in 3 eastern, 4 intermountain, and 1 western state were used to test a model of the acculturation process of Vietnamese refugees. Path analysis is used to study the possible associations between conditions conducive to acculturation and acculturation outcomes through acculturation promoters. Besides the commonly-used demographic items, i.e., former occupation, education, age, and marital status, conditions conducive to acculturation also included: respondents’ place of birth and their religious preferences, whether they had been abroad prior to the evacuation, and in case they had, where and how long. Acculturation outcomes included: (1) acculturation process (food, cultural pursuits, leisure activities, social contacts, nostalgia, solidarity, and segregation), and (2) English language proficiency. Acculturation promoters were: respondents’ present occupation, their evacuation plan, evacuation means, present income, and self-evaluation of their degree of Americanization. (Copyright 1977, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)
Dirks, Gerald E. Controversy and Complexity: Canadian Immigration Policy during the 1980s. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1995.
After describing the context that prompted the changes enacted in the present Immigration Act, Dirks turns to contemporary immigration: he examines such controversial and complex issues as establishing annual arrivals limits, setting and managing refugee policy and developing regulatory procedures for handling applicants. Costs and benefits of a universal visa policy, the distinction between refugees and immigrants, the role of the provinces, and the relationship between immigration and demographic issues are considered in depth. (from back cover).
Dirks, Gerald E. Canada's Refugee Policy: Indifference or Opportunism? Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1977.
Do, Hen Du. The New Outsiders: The Vietnamese Refugee Generation in Higher Education Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences 55(8) 1995: 2584-A.
Donally, Nancy Dorelle. The Changing Lives of Refugee Hmong Women. Ph.D. Dissertation. Seattle: University of Washington, 1989.
Describes how Hmong conceptions of gender have changed upon their arrival to the United States.
Dorais, Louis-Jacques. Les Associations Vietnamiennes a Montreal et l’adaptation des refugies. Department of Anthropology, Laval University, 1990.
Dorais, Louis-Jacques et al. eds. Ten Years Later: Indochinese Communities in Canada. Montreal: Canadian Asian Studies Association, 1987.
Describes Vietnamese refugee community settlements in several Canadian cities.
Dorais, Louis-Jacques et L. Le Pilon, Les communauts cambodgienne et laotienne de Quebec. Quebec: Laval University, Laboratoire des recherches anthropologiques.
Draper, P.J. The Accidental Immigrants: Canada and the Interned Refugees. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto, OISE, 1983.
Dumas, Steven. An Analysis of Bill C-86: Canada's Refugee Status Determination Process. Master of Arts Thesis. University of Manitoba Winnipeg, 1995.
In June of 1992, the federal government announced new legislation to overhaul the Canadian immigration system including the refugee system. The government maintained that Bill C-86 upheld the basic humanitarian, social, and economic goals of the 1976 Immigration Act, but that the environment in which to achieve these goals had changed dramatically (Immigration Canada, 1992, p. 13). Bernard Valcourt, the former Minister of Employment and Immigration said that the 1990's began with "frequent, unpredictable, large-scale movements of people" with more people trying to circumvent normal immigration procedures including criminals and terrorists (Ibid). At the same time, Canada's need for a highly-skilled work force is now greater than ever before. Finally, public support for immigration depends more than ever upon effective management to bring economic and social benefits to all regions of Canada. The objectives for the changes are to improve services and cut costs (Immigration Canada, 1992, p.2).
The previous government blamed the difficulties of the refugee system on several factors. Natural disasters and political upheaval in other countries, and Canada's well known generosity towards refugees produced large numbers of people seeking refuge unpredictably. The system was never designed to handle such large waves of people. Consequently, the department became backlogged with cases. Canada cannot and should not throw open the doors to all refugees of the world. To do so would encourage abuse of the system and create many social problems. The concern here is that Bill C-86 curbs the numbers of certain classes of legitimate refugees seeking status in Canada. This study will examine the development of Bill C-86 to analyze what the state's specific interests are in refugee policy, how refugees will be affected by the new policies and the potential for lobby groups to change the legislation. (Copyright 1996, Canadian Research Index, all rights reserved).